B12 supplementation is appropriate for individuals with confirmed deficiency, vegans, older adults, those with malabsorption disorders, people who have had bariatric surgery, and those on long-term medications such as metformin or proton pump inhibitors
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Targeted versus comprehensive support is another key distinction
Surgery In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove a portion of the stomach if it is found to be severely damaged by autoimmune gastritis, which is a cause of pernicious anemia
Most people get enough from diet, but older adults, vegans, and those with certain medical conditions may require supplementation
Malabsorption of Vitamin B12 In The Small Intestine Many stomach and intestinal diseases can affect cobalamin (or vitamin B12) absorption in the small intestine