Carnitine is a specialized amino acid with a variety of duties in the body
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The number is a convention circulated in research communities, likely back-derived from the ~1 mcg/kg GHRP saturation dose heuristic
It is sterile and contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol, which acts as a preservative to prevent bacterial growth and maintain the peptides stability for weeks in the refrigerator
Interestingly, Yuki Sato and coworkers indicated that the antioxidant effect of caffeic acid is more potent than chlorogenic acid, and the latter is metabolized into caffeic acid in the intestine
[2] This is the highest tier of evidence in this entire comparison: randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, with a hard imaging endpoint (visceral fat measured by CT), replicated across two trials, and reviewed by a regulator