In the context of PCOS, endothelial dysfunction is welldocumented: studies consistently show reduced flowmediated dilation (FMD), elevated soluble ICAM1 and VCAM1, and increased endothelin1 levels compared with matched controls [84]
The use of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamins C and E, has gained considerable interest as protecting agents against vascular endothelial damage
Erel CT, Ozcivit IB, Inan D, Mut A, Karakus Hatipoglu B, Konukoglu D
Many people read, use their phone, listen to music, or rest
This triggers the development of malignant tumors in different tissues, for example, the colorectal, liver, or breast cancer [8,9,10], creating a medical triad consisting of overweight, DM, and oncogenesis
Another study showed that TMAO is a newly identified uremic toxin that can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in CKD patients (Ravid et al., 2021