Saboori, S., Falahi, E., Eslampour, E., Zeinali Khosroshahi, M., & Yousefi Rad, E

Individuals who should avoid or exercise extreme caution include: Immunocompromised patients : Those with primary immunodeficiency disorders, HIV/AIDS with low CD4 counts, active chemotherapy recipients, or individuals taking immunosuppressive medications (corticosteroids, biologics, transplant drugs) face increased infection risk Critically ill or hospitalized patients : Severely ill individuals, particularly those in intensive care settings or with compromised gut barrier function, should not receive probiotics outside controlled clinical protocols Patients with central venous catheters : Indwelling lines provide potential routes for bacterial translocation into the bloodstream Premature infants : The FDA issued a safety warning in October 2023 against using probiotics in preterm infants due to risk of invasive infection Patients with severe acute pancreatitis : Clinical guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology recommend against probiotic use in this condition due to potential harm [15] [16] Additional populations requiring medical consultation: Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before using GLP-1 probiotics, as safety data in these populations remains limited

What Is Bird Flu
2025 Sept 21 [cited 2025 Oct 21]
Psychiatry 61 , 250252 (2007)
Furthermore, the chronic state of hyperglycemia worsens the continuous decline of beta-cell function