Low B12 levels contribute to increased levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that, in excess, can damage blood vessel walls and increase the risk of heart disease
10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00198.x 42
Sources verified: All PubMed citations and external references in this article were last verified onJuly 13, 2026
But without those changes, if you stop the medication, you will gain back a lot of the weight, and the metabolic mess will recur as well
Meaningful weight loss generally requires reaching at least the 1.0 mg weekly dose, which takes about 8 weeks with standard titration
Excessive Fe 2+ can react with lipid radicals and H 2 O 2 to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage membrane lipids, proteins, DNA, and other biological macromolecules, causing ferroptosis ( 3.2 Glutathione metabolism and ferroptosis GPX4 is an antioxidant enzyme found in mammalian cells