2.1 Trimethylamine-N-oxide and betaine in humans In humans, TMAO is mostly biosynthesized from the unabsorbed dietary constituents containing trimethylamine moiety such as choline (concentrated in egg yolk and liver) and L-carnitine (predominantly in red meat) through the activity of inhabitant bacteria of the human large intestine (Li et al., 2018a) (Figure 2)
et al., 2021a), The loss of function of the Rb protein (a tumor suppressor protein) is an important event during liver carcinogenesis, yet the mechanisms involved are complex
Nature 2012;485:23741
Heimburger SM, Bronden A, Johansen NJ, Dejgaard TF, Vilsboll T, Knop FK
The icon is provided by Servier Medical Art ( licensed under CC BY 4.0 ( cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate
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