Chronic inflammation, often driven by oxidative stress, is a common feature of autoimmune diseases
Due to individuality of each patient, presentation can vary which makes the treatment challenging (62) thus early diagnosis and close follow-up is critical
Glutathione has become one of the most talked-about substances in the aesthetic field, especially among those looking to achieve a naturally brighter and healthier-looking complexion
This direct delivery raises plasma concentrations within minutes, which is why IV remains the preferred route for therapeutic outcomes
This energy dysfunction is thought to be due to a compromised tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, limited anaplerotic flux and capacity of astrocytes to detoxify ammonium by glutamine synthesis, increased lactate synthesis as well as mitochondrial permeability transition induced by oxidative/nitrosative stress [34, 35]
The most prevalent type is type 2 DM (T2DM), which is diagnosed in 90% of diabetic patients