American Journal of Hematology
Advantage: Convenient, familiar, non-invasive Challenge: Peptides face proteolytic degradation in the stomach and small intestine Bioavailability: Estimated at approximately 38% based on comparative pharmacology (see below) Transdermal (Patch) Some researchers have explored transdermal patches to deliver peptides: Advantage: Avoids first-pass metabolism and GI degradation Challenge: Intact skin is a strong barrier to peptide penetration Feasibility: Not commonly available commercially
When IM enters the conversation
Liposomal Delivery Liposomal delivery system for enhanced bioavailability
Table of Contents -1Glucagon-like peptide-1GLP-11990GLP-1 Type 2 diabetesT2DGLP-1GLP-1 Receptor AgonistsGLP-1 RAGLP-1 RA SemaglutideTirzepatide20255SURMOUNT-572Semaglutide13.7%Tirzepatide20.2%8-10%SemaglutideTirzepatide TEJ Grand View Research2025GLP-1 RA700.820332,017.92026203312.78%GLP-1(Novo Nordisk)(Eli Lilly)Morningstar2025/12202557%43% TirzepatideMounjaroZepbound2025365SemaglutideOzempicRybelsusWegovy2,283(346)(Merck)Keytruda(316.8)GLP-1 : 505(b)(2) GLP-1TrumpRxGLP-1TrumpRxWegovy14978-89% GLP-1()2025/12FDAWegovy pill2026/1/5GLP-1 OrforglipronGLP-12026Q2 GLP-1() GLP-11% CMC(Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls)API GLP-1GLP-12023WegovyOzempic2026/35.1Athlone2025OrforglipronGLP-129 : TEJ () _ TEJ
This is a proposal - not a final rule - with a public comment period running through June 29, 2026
