This axis facilitates the flow of information between these organs, encompassing diverse pathways: neurotransmitters, the endocrine system, immunological mechanisms, and bacterial metabolites
When miR-34a was overexpressed in HNGC-2 cells, cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were decreased, while caspase-dependent apoptosis was increased, as compared to control cells
Evidence Strength Rating Moderate plausibility via reduced intake Limited direct clinical outcome data 4.2 Vitamin B12 Physiological Role Vitamin B12 supports: Neurological function Red blood cell production DNA synthesis It is primarily obtained from: Meat Dairy Fish Why GLP-1 Therapy May Influence B12 Possible mechanisms: Reduced intake of animal products Chronic low-calorie intake Gastric acid modulation secondary to delayed gastric emptying (theoretical) Unlike metformin, GLP-1 drugs are not known to directly impair B12 absorption
Science 320 , 7782 (2008)
These should provide long-lasting energy and sustained fullness
This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (21H04811 and 22K19405), AMED (JP23ek0109521), Daiichi Sankyo Foundation of Life Science, The NOVARTIS Foundation (Japan) for the Promotion of Science and G-7 Scholarship Foundation
