Historically, sublingual and buccal delivery faced challenges due to low permeability for large molecules, enzymatic degradation, and limited residence time on the mucosa
144 In a four-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 100 women with menopausal symptoms, psychological symptom scores decreased by 73% in those receiving 1,000 mg evening primrose oil (standardized to provide 70140 mg of GLA) twice daily but were unchanged in those given placebo
But that assumes identical receptor density and clearance kinetics, which isn't valid across species
Methods: A retrospective chart review of the patient database of the HAE clinic at the Tel Aviv Medical Center
Antibiotics 11:322
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