In this review, we summarize the aspects of dopamine as a catecholaminergic neurotransmitter and discuss dopamine signaling pathways elicited through dopamine receptor activation in normal brain function
Cell culture and treatment Human HK-2 cells (Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China) were cultured in F12 medium with 10% FBS (Gibco, USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Beyotime, C0222) at 37 with 5% CO 2
Furthermore, the developmental stages during neurogenesis (such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, maturation, or integration) where pathophysiological conditions, intervention strategies and pharmacological manipulations take place should optimally be considered, investigated and described in future studies
The prevalence of ASD has been steadily increasing, establishing it as one of the leading causes of disability among children worldwide
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It consists of glutathione , which aids in safeguarding the cell against damage from harmful substances in the body
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