The purpose is to enable accurate dosing for research protocols
Saito, Y., Jensen, A., Salgia, R
These mechanisms connect to physiological outcomes (faster wound healing, improved tendon repair, protection of the gastrointestinal lining), but current understanding is based largely on laboratory and animal studies, with limited confirmation in controlled human trials
We chose to focus on biomarkers reported by independent research teams and in multiple tissues to improve the relevance and the strength of evidence, but numerous biomarkers were probably unconfirmed because they have not been evaluated so far by independent team and in several compartments
In a study of over 1000 breast cancer patients with diabetes, those taking metformin had an almost 24% lower mortality risk compared with controls, whereas those not taking metformin had an almost 71% higher mortality risk (Hou 2013)
These come in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and sublingual tablets, which allow better absorption