Apple procyanidins promote mitochondrial biogenesis and proteoglycan biosynthesis in chondrocytes
It is made for topical ear use and is intended to deliver vancomycin directly to the affected area
All data below is compiled from human clinical studies (modest sample sizes, dated but real), animal research, and consistent community reports
The evidence base, such as it is, differs meaningfully across clinical targets, and it is worth examining each major application area on its own terms
I did have a bit of a learning curve in the beginning when I was still eating how I previously did, and every time I overate I got nauseous, but that helped me realize I was overeating
These types of reactions often look like small red spots or a mild heat-like rash and usually subside as the body finds its new balance