Abbreviations AA: Arachidonic acid ACE: Advanced glycation end product AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase ARD: Age-related disease BCAA: Branched-chain amino acid CAD: Coronary artery disease CVD: Cardiovascular disease EC: Endothelial cell EndoMT: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition Enos: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase ER: Endoplasmic reticulum/reticular FA: Fatty acid FAO: Fatty acid oxidation FOXO1: Forkhead box O1 GLUT: Glucose transporter GPR81: G-protein-coupled receptor 81 HBP: Hexosamine biosynthesis pathway HCR:: Hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase HIF: -1, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha HK: Hexokinase KLF: Krppel-like factor LD: Lipid droplet LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase LS: Laminar shear stress MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase 5-MPT: 5-Methoxytryptophan NO: Nitric oxide OS: Oscillatory shear stress OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation PDK1: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase PFK: Phosphofructokinase PFKFB: 3, 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 PPP: Pentose phosphate pathway ROS: Reactive oxygen species SASP: Senescence-associated secretory phenotype S1P: Sphingosine-1-phosphate SCFA: Short-chain fatty acid TMAO: Trimethylamine-N-oxide References Ma S, Xie X, Yuan R, Xin Q, Miao Y, Leng SX, et al
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Levine M, Dhariwal KR, Washko PW, Butler JD, Welch RW, Wang YH, Bergsten P
Before reaching that conclusion, there are several factors to evaluate
On the fundamental imaging-depth limit in two-photon microscopy
Subcutaneous injection (into fat layer) near the injury is ideal
Jakubczyk et al., 2020)
