Treatment with Fer-1, Lip-1, or neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles enriched in CDC42 substantially attenuates cerebrovascular damage and cognitive deficits in PD mice ( + treatment significantly reduces TIGAR expression in HT22 cells, downregulates NADPH, GPX4, and GSH levels, upregulates GSSG levels and the GSSG/GSH ratio, decreases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and promotes neuronal ferroptosis, iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby exacerbating neuronal cytotoxicity
Antioxidants, 11(3), 584
Common gastrointestinal side effects include: Nausea the most frequently reported side effect, particularly during dose escalation Vomiting often linked to nausea and typically dose-dependent Diarrhoea and constipation both have been reported, reflecting altered gut motility Decreased appetite a desired therapeutic effect, but one that requires monitoring to ensure adequate nutrition Severe or prolonged vomiting and diarrhoea can lead to dehydration and, in some cases, acute kidney injury (AKI)
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Aiding in sustainable weight management
There was a significant decrease in anti-inflammatory and SCFAs-producing bacteria and an abundance of tumor-promoting bacteria in these patients (218)
