However, population-based studies performed in Catalonia and the Canary Islands [7, 8], both of which used a serum vitamin B12 cut-off of 200 pg/ml, returned values of 1.9% and 3.4% respectively
Regular intake of high-dose supplements may have carcinogenic potential, especially among smokers
At the same time, B12 insufficiency in the liver leads to shrinking of the intestinal cells and malabsorption of nutrients (including B12 itself), leading to a cycle of worsening B12 deficiency
These provide evidence for general biological principles (GH/IGF-1 axis supporting musculoskeletal health, collagen building blocks beneficial) lending credibility to targeted peptide interventions though not direct proof
That not only reduces the potential benefits but can also lead to unwanted side effects
Understanding this condition is the first step toward finding lasting relief