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This sequence determines its biological activity and binding properties
Recognition of receptor-mediated mitophagy depends on receptor proteins such as Atg32 in yeast (Okamoto et al., 2009) and several proteins in mammals, including NIP3-like protein X (Novak et al., 2010), Bcl-2 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (Zhu et al., 2013), FUN14 domain containing 1 (Liu et al., 2012), FK506-binding protein 8 (Bhujabal et al., 2017), and Bcl2-like 13 (Murakawa et al., 2015)
Infections, such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections (UTIs)
The antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid improves endothelial dysfunction induced by acute hyperglycaemia during OGTT in impaired glucose tolerance
By the 2010s, athletes adopted it for its tissue-repairing effects, supported by preclinical data