l-carnitine during pregnancy Maternal Dietary Supplementation Influences Fetal Carnitine Status and Stimulates Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Activities in Swine12 Pregnancy | Capsugel

J Chromatogr 613:203221 Matsumoto K, Takahashi M, Takiyama N, Misaki H, Matsuo N, Murano S, Yuki H (1993) Enzyme reactor for urinary acylcarnitines assay by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

L-Carnitine binds to these toxic byproducts, forming acylcarnitines that can be safely transported out of the mitochondria and excreted in the urine

The carnitine transport mediated by OCTN2 is Na + -dependent

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Environ Health Perspect 105, 1196203

(2019) measured plasma TMAO concentrations in patients included in the BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic HF (BIOSTAT-CHF), a systems biology study of individualized treatment for CHF, and confirmed that high concentration of TMAO in plasma was closely related to adverse events (Li et al., 2019) demonstrated that TMAO induces cardiac fibrosis through the Smad3 signaling pathway