PLS is a rare autosomal recessive disease in which DPP1 insufficiency, which is caused by a mutation in the DPP1 gene ( CTSC ), results in diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, severe prepubertal periodontitis, and premature loss of both deciduous and permanent teeth ( Characterization of NSPs from patients with PLS revealed a DPP1-independent processing and maturating pathway for NSPs that is catalyzed by at least one DPP1-like protease ( In the human promyelocytic HL-60 precursor cell line, CatS/CatL inhibition nearly abolishes proDPP1 maturation, although it does not result in significant NSP inactivation
Pregnancy actively requires nutritional gain, not loss, which clashes directly with the mechanism of action
All of them are small pilot studies
When Not to Use: Avoid in cases of hypersensitivity to B vitamins or related compounds
The brain is not like skin or bone
Cyanocobalamin is given through intramuscular or subcutaneous injections