The Safe Route: Most of the compound is converted into water-soluble molecules
However, the research was done in rats, so more human studies are necessary to confirm this potential benefit
Each needle puncture introduces air into the headspace, which accelerates copper oxidation
This drug is widely used as an antifibrinolytic agent and has been found to inhibit plasminogenkeratinocyte interaction leading to decrease in activity of tyrosinase, thereby resulting in decreased synthesis of melanin from the melanocytes.[] Human keratinocytes secrete the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, which increases the activity of melanocytes leading to increased synthesis of melanin and the blockade of this effect may be the mechanism behind therapeutic effect of TA for the treatment of melasma.[] Glutathione is an anti-oxidant tri-peptide, which is normally present in humans and has also been tried successfully as a treatment modality for melasma
As a structural analog within the copper peptide class, it has been examined alongside GHK-Cu in preclinical models investigating copper-dependent enzymatic activity, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cellular signaling pathways relevant to skin and connective tissue biology
Some copper peptide products contain additional actives that compound sensitivity risk
