GLP-1 promotes mitochondrial metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling
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Wang Z, Gurlo T, Matveyenko AV, Elashoff D, Wang P, Rosenberger M, et al
Insulin and Norepinephrine Regulate Ghrelin Secretion from a Rat Primary Stomach Cell Culture
Although many of these studies have based their findings on peripheral markers of abnormal metabolism, many studies have documented some of these same abnormalities in the brain of individuals with ASD, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress (30) and one study has demonstrated a link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain of individuals with ASD (23)
In its role as an antioxidant agent, glutathione reduces the count of the damage-causing free radicals