You've done the cardio
Red or purple chromaturia is a side effect of hydroxocobalamin, typically resolving over several weeks.2 Additional causes of red urine include blood (e.g., traumatic catheterization, malignancy, infection), dietary ingestion (e.g., beets), and medications (e.g., rifampin, phenothiazines).3 Although benign and not warranting further evaluation by itself, hydroxocobalamin-induced discolouration of body fluids may interfere with colorimetric sensors
You may be able to get relief from menopause and joint pain by balancing hormones naturally
SLC7A11 is the primary transporter protein, highly specific for cystine and glutamate, while SLC3A2 is a chaperone
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doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldv056