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Microbial metabolites like SCFA and Trp derivatives can activate AhR and its target genes, including IL-6, IL-22, prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and cytochrome P450 1 A1 (CYP1 A1) in the intestine or liver
Most GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide) do not require dose adjustment in renal impairment, though exenatide should be avoided if eGFR is below 30 mL/min/1.73m
A weak barrier function makes the skin more susceptible to bacteria, irritants, allergens and environmental factors such as pollution and stress
A study revealed that L-methionine supplementation (1.7 g/kg/day, P.O for 8 weeks) was sufficient to produce hyperhomocysteinemia in rats and markedly increased the mean arterial pressure, oxidative stress and mean cardiomyocyte diameter [107]
obviously each of these has very different business models (for example, DRI and CMG are almost completely company owned, while WING is almost exclusively franchised) and are at different places in their growth life cycle, so each deserves slightly (or massively!) different multiples and valuations, but, across the board, these multiples seem pretty rich even in a vacuum