DSIP
This theory implies that MFs can act as cellular messengers, eliciting physiological responses such as changes in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, gene expression, protein synthesis, enzymatic activity, and ion homeostasis (Hajipour et al., 2017
Melittin suppresses TNF/LPS-induced NO and PGE2 generation in a mouse macrophage cell line and synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients (Yang et al., 2023)
It induces apoptosis in malignant cells by upregulating p27kip1 and Caspase-3, acting as a "smart" molecule that supports healthy cells while targeting damaged ones
By mirroring the effects of these hormones, tirzepatide injections help to suppress your appetite, enhance insulin secretion, and delay gastric emptying
Both aim for dual pathway action