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Cytokines are small but powerful biologically active proteins that act as signaling molecules within the immune system coordinating the bodys response to infection, regulating inflammation, and managing normal cellular growth

Published 2023 Jul 6

Even the most efficient transport from clinic or GP practice to laboratory centrifuge rarely renders this feasible

People with type 2 diabetes using GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-IV inhibitors or multiple therapies combining metformin, sulfonylureas, repaglinide, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors or thiazolidinediones from 2006 to 2018 were included

So, we recommend using SL vitamin B12 rather than oral and IM, especially in patients who do not tolerate IM injection and patients who need prolonged vitamin B12 supplementation, such as patients with long-term metformin use and patients with pernicious anemia or with gastro-duodenal resection [5154]

Am J Trop Med Hyg 73:11391144