Bile acids promote glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through TGR5 in a murine enteroendocrine cell line STC-1
Over time, this can lead to: Loss of lean body mass and lower resting metabolic rate Reduced protein intake , making it harder to maintain muscle Micronutrient deficiencies , particularly vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and B-vitamins Lower energy levels and slower recovery from illness or exercise (Mozaffarian, 2025) Gastrointestinal side effects can make the picture even more complex
PMID: 26 BuysschaertMBaeckMPreumontVMarotLHendrickxEVan BelleAet al
These bouts of severe vomiting can persist for numerous hours or potentially even days, typically followed by periods free of any symptoms.
Abud Bakri So they found fragments of the 15
Poole R, Ballantyne A (2014) Apremilast: first global approval