Mechanism of Action of IGF-1 LR3 IGF-1 LR3 binds to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) , activating intracellular pathways such as: PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway Drives protein synthesis and muscle growth MAPK pathway Influences cell proliferation and differentiation Key effects include: Stimulating muscle stem cells (satellite cells) Increasing nitrogen retention in muscle tissue Enhancing glucose uptake for energy and glycogen replenishment Promoting connective tissue healing 6
(2) Mitochondrial evasion: Inhibition of intraneuronal MAO-A prevents tyramine degradation, allowing cytoplasmic accumulation
Jing Z, Liu Q, He X, Jia Z, Xu Z, Yang B
Amino acid transporters on the guard of cell genome and epigenome
lin P, Danielson UH, Mannervik B
114(4): 2432-2506.PubMed Agdeppa ED, Spilker ME