Even though they are sucked, chewed and sniffed, and never set on fire, they still contain many of the same carcinogens as cigarettes, and have been linked to mouth, oesophageal and pancreatic cancers
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In addition to inhaling harmful chemicals, e-cig users could also be exposed to biological contaminants like endotoxin and glucan, said Mi-Sun Lee, a research fellow and the lead author of the paper
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For instance, smokeless tobacco use induced oral mycobiome dysbiosis, with reduced diversity in users with oral lesions
These analyses are generally aimed at comparing yields of smoke toxicants under a defined set of machine-smoking parameters